The Development History Of Tourism

The Development History Of Tourism The travel industry is perhaps the biggest business around the world. It has become a developing industry as of late. Numerous nations on the planet are honored with characteristic magnificence while many have created foundation all alone. Indeed numerous nations are getting significant part of their incomes from the travel industry, so it is extensive as a fundamental wellspring of salary for those and it makes pay through the utilization of items and administrations by vacationers. It uses monetary significance, with a huge number of voyagers around the globe every year, in spite of the fact that it has a capable in condition, it might prompt natural surroundings devastation, waste and contamination. Worldwide the travel industry got through the phases of time and it has improved for a considerable length of time, and it massively affects economy, condition and society. As per (Holloway, J, C. Humphreys, C and Davidson, R. 2009), the travel industry is a state of hobby performed over a period for delight, and it can characterize when individuals move from spot to somewhere else. The World Tourism Organization (1999) characterized that travel industry is additionally assortment of exercises, benefits as far as recreation, including transportation, settlement, and others as long as a year. The improvement history of the travel industry In the nineteenth century Worldwide the travel industry has an enormous been improving since the nineteen century, when the soonest voyagers were strolling or riding tamed creatures. The creation of innovation has given new methods of transportation and expanded people chances to travel. On account of streets are improved and governments balanced out, enthusiasm for voyaging rose for considering, touring and religion purposes. Over 100 years prior the presentation of interstate streets, streets on which a tolls were charged, permitted to transports hold up to 14 voyagers for 40 miles separation more than 24 hours. For instance, an excursion from London to Bath was represent around 72 hours, though the 400 miles to Edinburgh took totally 10 days (Holloway, J, C. Humphreys, C and Davidson, R. 2009). Between the center of twentieth and twenty first century Since the World War II, explorers have grown up and let them to move to another country, regardless of the way that the capacity to do that was limited by political conditions and deficient assets. Besides, venture out business changed because of the development in plane innovation which prompted develop business flight industry (Holloway, J, C. Humphreys, C and Davidson, R. 2009).Modern innovation assumed a significant job on changing individuals for living, working and the travel industry. As an outcome, it gave progressively save time, increased interchanges and started numerous successful methodologies of passing on (WTO. 1999). The impact of PCs and the web has appeared on the travel industry as clients would now be able to look about occasion goals, travel organizations examination and booking on the web (Holloway, J, C. Humphreys, C and Davidson, R. 2009). The monetary effect of the travel industry As indicated by (Holloway, J, C. Humphreys, C and Davidson, R. 2009), while the travel industry may cause numerous financial stars, there are additionally a few focal points for those countries. Worldwide the travel industry is a $8 trillion industry. This implies one of biggest significant enterprises on the planet is the travel industry, it thusly has incredible significance for a few nations endeavor to acquire a portion of this $8 trillion. 9.9 percent of worldwide GDP (total national output) was worldwide the travel industry. In addition, it was anticipated that it would achieve 240 million employments around the world, speaking to practically 8.5% of absolute occupations. The world association the travel industry revealed that in January 2007, global vacationer appearances came to 842 million out of 2006, contrasted with 553 million out of 1994, and they are relied upon to arrive at 1.6 billion by 2020, while receipts was $354 billion out of 1994 and it nearly multiplied by 200 6, that implies there an impressive ascent a little more than a time of 10 years for the two appearances and receipts, (WOT.2007). Universes Top 10 Tourism Earners, 2005 Based On Tourism Receipts ($ US Billions) France 76.0 US $81.7 Spain 55.6 Spain $47.9 US 49.4 France $42.2 China 46.8 Italy $35.4 Italy 36.5 Joined Kingdom $30.7 Joined Kingdom 30.0 China $29.3 Mexico 21.9 Germany $29.2 Germany 21.5 Turkey $13.2 Turkey 20.3 Austria $15.5 Austria 19.9 Greece $13.7 Source: World Tourism Organization (WTO.2007). Source: World Tourism Organization (WTO.2007). While there a few factors that urge human to travel abroad, the most huge one is cost contrasted with their pay. Since development request drove the costs to decrease, additionally transport and settlement costs succumbing to each additional individual saved. As it were, there is a solid connection between value, cost and request. Accordingly, it can prompt rivalry of the travel industry between countries. As of late, numerous nations or urban communities have become rely upon stream of visitors or about totally reliant on the travel industry, for example, Dubai gets a huge extent of income from the travel industry, with around %70 of its income. They are known as goals or getting territories, and the zones which travelers move to these goals are known as created regions. The goal, be that as it may, can be a particular retreat, town or even a tremendous territory of worldwide. The goals are financed by changing vacationers' cash, this implies these territories will without a doubt m ake a benefit, and the opposite is valid for those producing zones. Moreover, there are numerous perspectives can be influenced by the progression of sightseers from delivered to getting zones, for example, salary, business and venture and advancement (Holloway, J, C. Humphreys, C and Davidson, R. 2009). The ecological effect of the travel industry As indicated by (Wall, G and Mathieson, A.2006), the historical backdrop of the travel industry without a doubt call attention to that the travel industry was birth and advanced by contributing of natural components. The Places which are honored with characteristic excellence and charming scene and high rise highlights have majorly affected specific areas or locales. In any case, the travel industry can negatively affect condition, for example, unreasonable structure like streets and inns, pulverizes characteristic natural surroundings. It can likewise make contamination and waste, therefore, the city or area no uncertainty will be dirtied by exhaust cloud around it. Besides, it squeezes nearby assets, for example, food , water and vitality supplies. (Holloway, J, C. Humphreys, C and Davidson, R. 2009) said that the utilization of transportation especially via planes are twofold eco-friendly than they were 30 years prior. Air travel was represent 9% of an Earth-wide temperature boost in 2004. In Britain, for instance, the figure of explorers inside and outside of the UK would increment from 180 million of every 2003 to a large portion of a billion by 2030, while the obligation of flying airplane will be practically 67% of the considerable number of UKs nursery discharges in 2050. A huge extent of the oil bought on the planet is only for relaxation employments. Furthermore, all transportation types of street, ocean and air can irritate on the peaceful hotel by expanding clamor levels, regardless of whether in rustic locale or in living zones. Both neighborhood individuals and travelers particularly who are close of occupied air terminals extraordinarily would be in stress by making on edge from planes taking off and landing. The social and social effect of the travel industry Sociocultural effects are outcomes of explicit sorts of connections that occur among vacationers and has because of their coming into contact. Vacationers can encounter various traditions and social, for example, touring, sunbathing and testing new cooking. It would open our psyches just as it can expand our viewpoints. Notwithstanding, when outside individuals go to the visitor city they most likely will influence on neighborhood individuals. Consequently, the neighborhood individuals will overlook their own way of life. Another downside for the travel industry is raising costs, despite the fact that residents pay rates are consistent the costs rise when the city gets the vacationers particularly in cafés, transportation, and major necessities. Besides, the administration would concentrate on the travel industry .Thus it will disregard offices and necessities of neighborhood district. Furthermore, wrongdoings rate typically increment in traveler urban areas. Also, nearby convention s might be lost like customary positions and aptitudes would cease to exist, for example, cultivating and angling (Wall, G and Mathieson, A.2006). When utilizing of culture as a vacation destination can prompt risen help for conventional societies and would show character of ethnic .What is progressively, direct contact among occupants and voyagers likely would evacuate negative generalizations, therefore, it will build social chances. Another advantage of sociocultural effect of the travel industry is that empower rivalry for visitor business and improve way of life for hosts and salary without a doubt will ascend for those too (WTO. 1999). End The notable of the travel industry has an extraordinary significance all through the world for a very long time, notwithstanding the way that the disadvantages which confronted worldwide the travel industry. The travel industry gave various advantages to goals, has networks and voyagers, despite the fact that its couple of negative impacts. It has become connect among them and it made the world as one town. The expectations of worldwide the travel industry after it entered another thousand years look set to keep growing up and more noteworthy significance on the planet economy, despite the fact that it faces a few difficulties. The Brainy Quote was definition the movement and said that The demonstration of moving; the passing or coming into a nation with the end goal of lasting living arrangement. That implies is any individual who left his nation and went to another nation to live there and get a new line of work. Migration is one of the approaches to create and change a great deal of culture in any nation on the planet. Since World War II a few changes have happened in the United Kingdom, and movement has been one of the significant occasions. Numerous newcomers have originated from all pieces of the world; the majori

A History Of Fly By Wire

A History Of Fly By Wire Dynamic This examination report gives an authentic representation of the turn of events and usage of fly-by-wire flight control frameworks. The report discloses to the peruser what flight controls are. It gives an outline of significant developments in flight control frameworks. It at that point proceeds to clarify what a fly-by-wire flight control framework is and talks about the NASA advancement program that made fly-by-wire a reality. It at that point talks about the F-16 Fighting Falcon which was the main mass delivered airplane to use a fly-by-wire framework. The advantages of fly-by-wire flight control are talked about similar to the extension of fly-by-wire flight control frameworks into business and general aeronautics. At long last, an end on the substance of this report is given. 1. Presentation Reason This chronicled explore report portrays the turn of events and usage of fly-by-wire flight control frameworks so as to fulfill the conventional report necessities sketched out in the course schedule for EGR 3350, Technical Communications for Engineers and Computer Scientists. 1.2 Background Since the time the beginning of controlled human flight was acknowledged by Orville and Wilbur Wright in December 1903, engineers and aerodynamic trailblazers have looked to initiate progressively effective and more secure strategies for airplane flight control. The advancement of flight control frameworks from human fueled mechanical linkages to fly-by-wire PC frameworks establishes a glorious presentation of aeronautical building movement. Fly-by-wire flight control frameworks flagged an extraordinary jump in aeronautical reasoning and structure from mechanical linkage and enormous water powered frameworks to PC helped electrical flight control frameworks. An article by Gray Creech of NASAs Dryden Flight Research Center clarifies how [1] these frameworks made gigantic advantages for the aeronautic trade permitting generally speaking decrease of weight and airplane framework repetition expanding security of flight. NASAs fly-by-wire improvement program was the primary program to eff ectively establish an electrical flight control framework without a mechanical reinforcement. This projects achievement prompted the principal mass delivered fly-by-wire airplane, General Dynamics and Lockheed Martins F-16 Fighting Falcon, the space transports fly-by-wire flight control PC, and numerous different headways in fly-by-wire flight control that are currently being acknowledged in the business and general avionics ventures. 1.3 Scope This report will disclose to the peruser what flight control is and detail a concise history of airplane flight control and the advancements that went before fly-by-wire framework improvement. This report will at that point talk about NASAs fly-by-wire advancement program and the underlying sending of this innovation in the F-16 Fighting Falcon. This report will clarify the numerous advantages intrinsically got from utilizing a fly-by-wire flight control framework. At long last, this report will detail how this flight control framework developed to be utilized in the business and general flying industry. This report won't spread future patterns of fly-by-wire flight control frameworks. 2. Conversation 2.1 What is Flight Control? The control of trip of an airplane is dictated by control surfaces on the airplane body that are balanced in composed developments by a flight control framework that situates an aviation vehicle around three tomahawks of movement. These tomahawks of movement are alluded to as yaw, pitch, and roll. Figure 1 outlines these tomahawks. Figure 1. Airplane Axes of Motion Dr. William Elliot gives an extraordinary abstract on how these tomahawks of movement are influenced by control surfaces. [2] 1. Ordinary (vertical) hub, opposite to the outside of the wings. Development about the vertical pivot in flight is called yaw. In most present day airplane, security in yaw is influenced by a fixed vertical blade in the back; dynamic control in yaw is practiced by a versatile rudder fixed behind the vertical balance. 2. Longitudinal pivot, going through the fuselage from front to back. Development about the longitudinal pivot is called roll. Solidness in roll is dealt with by wings fixed at a somewhat upward point (dihedral); dynamic flight control in roll is finished by folds (ailerons) behind the external wings. 3. Sidelong (flat) hub, going through the wings roughly from tip to tip. Development about the even pivot is called pitch. Solidness in pitch is presented by a fixed even tailplane; flight control in pitch is cultivated by lifts mounted behind the tailplane. In controlling these surfaces, a pilot uses different control instruments, for example, mechanical linkages, water power, trim tabs, actuators, and, on account of fly-by-wire frameworks, power and PCs to make the ideal yield on the flight control surfaces dependent on the pilots input. 2.2 Brief History of Flight Control System Progression Dr. Elliot keeps on clarifying that after [2] Glenn Curtisss patent of the aileron, the nuts and bolts of current flight control were solidly settled, and the outcome was a normalized link worked control framework. [2] In this standard game plan, a solitary control segment (or stick) was utilized to work the two lifts and ailerons through a progression of links and pulleys; likewise, the rudder was moved by foot pedals. The physical quality of the pilot was every one of that was required to enlarge these control surfaces in trip for moderate moving airplane. The physical constraints of pilots started to be acknowledged as airplane turned out to be quicker and heavier. [2] This issue was at first fathomed by the establishment of little folds (tabs) on essential control surfaces. These surfaces used the wind current following up on the tabs to move the principle control surface they were appended to. The improvement of programmed steering frameworks was additionally on going as of now and [2] consistent advances in autopilot innovation prompted the advancement of mechanical promoters to help pilots in moving control surfaces of enormous airplane. [2] Successive airplane created during the late 1940s and mid 1950s kept on making extraordinary advances in hydro-mechanical flight control frameworks. [3] During this timespan hydro-mechanical control frameworks formed into 3000 psi pressure driven frameworks as found in Figure 2. Figure 2. Flight Control System Innovation Timeline [3] Innovation Military Commercial Un-Powered: 1910s 1920s Controlled Boost: 1940s 3000 psi Hydraulics: 1940s 1950s Auto Pilots: 1950s Completely Powered, w/*Reversion: 1950s 1960s (Boeing 727) Completely Powered, w/out *Reversion: 1950s (B-47) 1970 (Boeing 747) Fly-By-Wire: 1970s (F-16) 1980s (A-320) Computerized Fly-by-Wire: 1970s 1980s (A-320) 5000 psi Hydraulics: 1990s (V-22) 2005 (A-380) Force By-Wire: 2006 (F-35) 2005 (A-380) *Reversion: Servo actuators open permitting pilot mechanical control. [3] Figure 2 subtleties the building movement of flight control frameworks in the course of the most recent 100 years. Curiously, preceding the organization of fly-by-wire flight control frameworks, [2] fake feel frameworks were fused in flight control frameworks to require the requirement for pilots to feel just as they were still precisely associated with the airplane flight control framework despite the fact that water driven frameworks broke this association among pilot and control surface. These progressions in flight control innovation finished in the craving for an electrical methods for flight control framework execution. 2.3 What is a Fly-By-Wire (FBW) Flight Control System? [2] Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) characterizes FBW as a flight control framework wherein vehicle control data is transmitted totally by electrical methods. A FBW control framework is a PC framework that screens pilot control inputs, different parameters, for example, velocity, elevation and approach, and yields flight control surface developments with the goal of keeping the airplane inside its assigned flight envelope. Actually, this PC deciphers electrical signs through pilot control and sensor information and yields electrical signs to incite the comparing control surface so as to accomplish the ideal flight direction. The flight envelope alludes to the safe working qualities an airplane is intended to fly at given various velocities, elevations and different factors. The activation of a fly-by-wire framework is viably the equivalent for every such framework, in particular; the framework utilizes electrical sign contributions to make electrical sign yields. In any case, these frameworks can be sent with a shifting cluster of plan components or control law calculations that choose how the framework will respond in a given circumstance just as what substance, human or PC, has prevalent control of the airplane at a given time. This subject will be expounded on in a later segment. 2.4 NASAs Digital Fly-By-Wire (DFBW) Development Program On May 25, 1972 at NASAs Dryden Flight Research Center, the principal trip to effectively show an advanced FBW flight control framework without a mechanical reinforcement was directed. [1] Support for the idea at NASA Headquarters originated from Neil Armstrong, himself a previous research pilot at Dryden. He served in NASAs Office of Advanced Research and Technology following his notable Apollo 11 lunar landing and knew electronic control frameworks from his days preparing in and working Apollo rocket. Armstrong recommended that the Dryden DFBW group adjust an Apollo program computerized flight control PC. It wasnt long, notwithstanding, before the DFBW program built up a computerized flight control PC that fundamentally propelled the cutting edge. This was shown by the way that for the Space Shuttle, originators went to the DFBW program for a flight PC for the Orbiters. The outcome was a great instance of in-house innovation move. The first computerized flight control PC advancemen t from Apollo continued to the DFBW program and afterward back again into space on board the Shuttle. The program used a Navy F-8C Crusader for testing which consolidated the utilization of

Topamax (Topiramate) Uses and Side Effects

Topamax (Topiramate) Uses and Side Effects Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print Topamax (Topiramate) Uses and Side Effects By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 19, 2020 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Brand New Images / Digital Vision / Getty Images More in Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Symptoms Diagnosis In This Article Table of Contents Expand Indications Dosing Common Side Effects Considerations and Complications Drug Interactions View All Back To Top Topamax (topiramate) is an anticonvulsant medication used in the treatment of epilepsy and migraine headaches.?? Topamax is also commonly used off-label to treat a wide range of mood disorders, eating disorders, and to aid in substance abuse therapy. While Topamaxs mechanism of action is unclear, we know that the drug blocks sodium channels in the body that deliver electrical impulses to excitable cells (such as nerve, muscle, and brain cells). By doing so, Topamax appears to enhance the activity of a chemical messenger (neurotransmitter) known as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Indications Topamax has both its approved and off-label uses. In the United States, the drug is officially approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to:?? Treat partial-onset seizures in adults and children two and olderTreat primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in adults and children two and olderPrevent migraines in adults and adolescents 12 and older Topamax can also be in combination with other drugs to treat partial-onset seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (a severe form of childhood epilepsy). Among its off-label uses, Topamax is sometimes prescribed to treat:?? Alcohol dependencyBipolar disorderBorderline personality disorder (BPD)Cocaine and methamphetamine addictionObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)Weight loss (specifically to control binge-eating and purging) Dosing Topamax is available in capsule and tablet formulations. The tablet is offered in a 25-, 50-, 100-, and 200-milligram (mg) dose. The capsule is available in 15-mg or 25-mg dose. The dosage can vary by the condition and the age of the user.?? When starting treatment, the dosage is typically tapered up to reduce the risk of potential side effects. It should also be tapered down if the decision is made to stop treatment. Stopping abruptly can cause a rebound of disease symptoms (such as seizures in people with epilepsy or abnormal moods in people with bipolar disorder). When prescribed for smaller children, the Topamax capsule can be broken open and its contents sprinkled over food. Common Side Effects Topamax has a number of side effects that tend to be transient and resolve on their own as the body adapts to the treatment. Most are mild to moderate in severity. Common side effects include:?? DiarrheaDizzinessDouble visionLoss of appetiteMood changesNauseaStomach upsetTaste changesTingling or prickly skin sensationsTremorsWeaknessWeight loss Any persistent, severe, or worsening side effects should be reported to your doctor immediately. Considerations and Complications Less commonly, Topamax may cause serious complications that require you to either stop or avoid treatment. Among them:?? Topamax should be used with caution in pregnancy. Topamax is classified as a category D drug due to evidence that it may cause a cleft palate in some children. While Topamax is not absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy or breastfeeding, you must weigh the benefits and consequences of treatment if you are pregnant or planning to get pregnant.Topamax may cause metabolic acidosis. This is the potentially serious build-up of acid in the blood, most often seen in children 15 and under. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, fast breathing, and lethargy. If left untreated, metabolic acidosis can lead to coma and death.Topamax can sometimes cause glaucoma. Symptoms usually appear within a month of starting treatment and may be recognized by the sudden blurring of vision, eye pain, redness, and abnormally dilated pupils.Kidney damage can also occur. This most often affects people over 65 who have an underlying kidney disorder. Kidney function tests should be routinely performed to monitor for any abnormalities. Kidney stones have also been known to develop in Topamax users, the risk of which may be reduced by drinking plenty of water. Drug Interactions Certain drugs are known to interact with Topamax, either by reducing or increasing the availability of Topomax or the other co-administered drug. This is especially true when used with other anticonvulsants such as Tegretol (carbamazepine) and Lamictal (lamotrigine). Dose adjustments may be required to compensate for this effect. Other co-administered drugs that may require dose adjustments include the diuretic Microzide (hydrochlorothiazide) and the diabetes medications Actos (pioglitazone) and metformin. Among the drugs to be avoided are those classified as carboanhydrase inhibitors, which include: Diuretics such as Keveyis (dichlorphenamide)Epilepsy drugs such as Diamox (acetazolamide) and Zonegran (zonisamide)Glaucoma medications such as Azopt (brinzolamide), Neptazane (methazolamide), and Trusopt (dorzolamide) Estrogen-based contraceptives may also be compromised if taking Topamax, increasing the risk of pregnancy and breakthrough bleeding.

The Enlightenment And The American Revolution - 2027 Words

The Enlightenment and the American Revolution Everyone knows the story of how America came to be. It was similar to David versus Goliath, the American colonists against the potent England. England at the time of the Revolution, boasted the largest and most powerful fighting force in the history of the world. The Americans were rebellious country-cousins who wanted freedom from what they regarded as a capricious and tyrannical paternal England so they could govern themselves. The result was America. How did they do it? A look at what influenced and motivated them might help answer this question. In particular, understanding the impact of Enlightenment thinking on the Revolutionaries, especially that small group of men, most people call The†¦show more content†¦Although when a new idea was introduced to the world, it angered the king (or other ruler), it did not have such an enormous effect on the population, usually because the king portrayed himself as a â€Å"universal ruler†. Jean-Jacques Rousseau hated this. The king claimed it was his â€Å"divine right† to rule, which supposedly gave him the ability to say or do anything he pleased. Rather than having a â€Å"divinely chosen† ruler, Rousseau believed in popular sovereignty, the idea that governments should express the will of the people. The divine right of kings is exactly what The Founders wanted explicitly to avoid when contemplating their new nation. As John Locke said, in his most famous book Two Treatises on Government, â€Å"People have the right to revolt if government doesn’t protect people’s natural rights.† Maybe the most important concept to the Founding Fathers was natural law and natural right. This was a concept that had most thoroughly been discussed by John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke had very similar views on natural law and natural right. What was their difference, and why did John Locke’s thinking end up influencing The Founders? John Locke’s views on natural rights were reciprocal, that is, one could exercise their rights as long as they respected the same exercise of right’s for others and did not infringe upon those rights. He rooted this reciprocity in â€Å"natural law†. Thomas Hobbes state of the natural man was

A Report On Network Security Audit - 4059 Words

Network Security Audit Jed Johnson, CGAP City Auditor Major Contributor Roshan Pulikkiel IT Auditor Christy Rodriguez, CPA Staff Auditor August 18, 2015 Report 201505 Table of Contents Page Authorization 1 Objective 1 Scope and Methodology 1 Overall Conclusion 2 Background 3 Management Accomplishments* 5 Opportunities for Improvement 6 Authorization We have conducted an audit of the Network Security Audit. This audit was conducted under the authority of Article VII, Section 5 of the Garland City Charter and in accordance with the Annual Audit Plan approved by the Garland City Council.†¦show more content†¦As part of the methodology, IA performed the following: †¢ Reviewed the perimeter protection safeguards in place for IT assets like workstation, switches, servers etc. (Obj. A) †¢ Examined the environmental, media access and general controls for server rooms and data centers. (Obj. A) †¢ Evaluated policies, standards, procedures and guidelines in place to enable employees to be enablers to a robust security awareness program. (Obj. B) †¢ Determined if risk analysis has been employed by ITS to determine the exposure and countermeasures to risks to establish accountability for risk decisions.(Obj. C) †¢ Assessed if the network policy has been developed and documented based on a recognized standard. †¢ Looked if the security strategy is in alignment with the security policy for the City as well as for the third party providers. (Obj. C) †¢ Examined if appropriate security classification is established based on the sensitivity of data processed in different zones. (Obj. C) †¢ Inquired if operating systems, servers and other network appliances operating on the network is configured for maximum security.(Obj. 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Network monitoring allows the administrator to intervene quickly, evenRead MoreBuilding Standards For The Base Configuration Of Internal Server Equipment705 Words   |  3 PagesServer Security Policy Purpose The purpose of this policy is to establish standards for the base configuration of internal server equipment that is owned and/or operated by IHS. Effective implementation of this policy will minimize unauthorized access to IHS proprietary information and technology. Scope This policy applies to server equipment owned and/or operated by IHS, and to servers registered under any IHS-owned internal network domain. This policy is specifically for equipment on the internal

The Brown vs Board of Education Case Free Essays

Fifty years ago when the decision was handed down in the Brown vs Board of Education case segregated school systems came to a screeching halt. Five decades later there are still hot debates on the effectiveness of such a ruling. Today, while schools are not legally segregated, there are segregation trends because of the way populations gather in areas and the local schools are impacted by such populations. We will write a custom essay sample on The Brown vs Board of Education Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now Laws have been in place to prevent segregation and children have been bused across town to try and achieve racial balance, but recent changes to legislation have stopped that as well. Today, the nation is divided on the segregated school issue once again. The main theme of the first article is that segregation in schools today, does not take on the same meaning as it did when the Brown decision was handed down. Today, according to the author population imbalance has more to do with population desires to be located near each other, as is the case with many Spanish speaking and European areas of the nation(Mckenna 1995). According to the author, segregation in this case is a positive thing as it places people of the same language in the same area thereby reducing fear and inability to function until the children can develop stronger English skills(Mckenna 1995). The author believes that the answer to racism is not to force busing or other methods that will put children in diverse school populations. Instead, the author believes racism can be ended by working on society as a whole and embracing the very differences that make America the nation that it is today. For the most part I agree with the article. I know if I did not speak English I would be hesitant to allow my child to be bused across the city just for the sake of racial balance within the school system. I would prefer to keep them close to a familiar area with their familiar language being spoken. I do not agree however with the statement that segregated schools are not evil. I believe there is a fine line between not pushing kids and letting them be left behind. If we do not force the balance of race within the school system we must instead be very careful not to let the minority school systems fall by the wayside when it comes to funding and other things that make education possible. In the second article the author believes that segregated schools put certain students at a disadvantage. Citing the problems including not preparing children for a naturally diverse society the author believes it is essential to mix the races while students are young enough to embrace such cultural differences(Droesch, 1996). â€Å"With or without a desegregation plan in place, many of our children continue to experience segregation and racial bias in school. If our children continue to live in racially polarized communities and attend segregated schools, they will be at a distinct disadvantage in today’s global village. For all of our region’s youth to meet the challenges of working in a multicultural world, they must have the opportunity to learn in an environment that advocates inclusion and respect for diversity(Droesch, 1996).† The author believes desegregation plans for school systems is a beginning step to solving the problem of racism in America. I agree that segregated schools will cause a continued polarized attitude. I agree with the author that we must prepare our nation†s children for a racially diverse community. I believe it is important to reach students when they are young and most open to diversity. This will assist in the nation†s global effort to stop racism. I agree more with the second article than the first one if language barriers are taken out of the equation. How to cite The Brown vs Board of Education Case, Papers

Why Movies Are so Popular free essay sample

Like most young guys I like movies very much. Movies in English are an effective tool for learning English. I remember when I went to New Oriental to study English I always worried about my poor listening skill. Then I accepted a teacher’s advice and started to watch some English movies. I can learn some useful words and expressions from them. Gradually I found that English is not so difficult to understand and it became more and more interesting to me. Now I can say movies not only improve my listening skill but also make me more interested in learning English.Movies can satisfy different peoples need. Some married people like romantic movies. From those they can know what true love is. Some young people like action movies. Some older people may like classic movies that can remind the past things. So it is obvious that movie can enrich peoples spiritual life. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Movies Are so Popular or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Movie has been a part of peoples life. Who never saw a movie? I believe of course we all have. Nowadays, movie becomes a â€Å"must have it† entertainment. From children to adult, from country to city, even all over the world love watching movie. What is so good about it so it can be so popular?Well, these are some facts about movie that might answer that question. Movie is a like a description about real life. What people see in movie usually reflects what really happens in their common life. Let’s take a romantic movie as an example. In that movie, the audiences are able to see the visualized of what happens when two peoples fall in love. It feels so real to them as they begin to picture their own life such as what’s presented on the screen. No wonder sometimes audience can cry when the movie shows a sad scene, or laugh when the fun scene appears.This could happen because they feel like what’s on the movie is so real just like in their everyday life. Unlike radio, in movie you can hear and see at the same time. This is another reason why movie can be very attractive. It is easier for audience to understand and enjoy this entertainment as they’re able to hear and visualized the story at the same time. Nowadays, movies even made with high technologies which produce a high quality of picture and sound. Many people watch movie to see something extraordinary that is beyond their imagination.

Evolution Of The Power Of The Presidency Essays -

Evolution Of The Power Of The Presidency The views of the presidency by the first sixteen presidents varied widely but all of their actions set precedents for their successors to use, expand, or even curtail the power of the office. Some believed in the Whig theory of strict adherence to the constitution, while others believed the president was the steward of the people with a loose interpretation of it. The power of the office expanded through the years, however it only expanded as far as the public and congress allowed. George Washington was the first President of the United States of America and realizing this he acted carefully and deliberately, aware of the need to build an executive structure that could accommodate future presidents. Washingtons position as the first president of the United States allowed him to set many precedents that are still followed by executives today. Washington believed his power came from article II of the U.S. Constitution. He was very protective of executive powers and did not involve the executive branch in legislative matters. He established the initial implied powers of the president by creating the national bank, excise tax, and assumption of state debts from the Revolutionary War. The creation of those bureaucracies set the precedent that allowed presidents after him to establish and empower new bureaucratic agencies to execute the duties of the executive office. Thomas Jefferson was the third president of the United States and viewed the office of the president to be strictly constructed by the constitution. He, like Washington, believed his power as president derived directly from the constitution and the affection of the people. Although he had a Whig theory he made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, which the president had no authority according to the constitution to do; the congress has control of the purse strings according to the constitution. President Jefferson was the first to pass out the rewards of the spoils system. In his second term he became the first President to use economic sanctions against a foreign power, with the embargo act of 1807, in order to achieve a goal. With the exception of the Louisiana Purchase, Jeffersons administration was a negative presidency in that it rolled back federal policies. His economic policies enabled future presidents to use the foreign treaty powers as a weapon in diplomatic negotiations with o ther countries without interference from congress. In the election that ended the Era of good feelings(1824) John Q. Adams won the presidency. While he was not a very powerful president himself, he is responsible for the beginning of the legislative role of the presidency. He believed the role of the president was to be a steward of the people and favored a loose interpretation of the constitution. He advocated internal improvements such as better roads, canals, schools, and a better army and navy. The action of Adams in an attempt to get the federal government to finance those projects is the basis that is used to legitimize federal funding even today. Andrew Jackson is arguably one of the most influential presidents in history. He believed that government had a social obligation to the people and that it was the most democratic branch. He was the first president to create a grassroots political party and used its strong public support to tie the Electoral College to the popular vote among other things. He used the power of the presidency in a manner that no previous president had by influencing legislation with threat of a veto. James K. Polk is the first dark horse candidate to win the presidency and in spite of this fact he was still able to significantly expand the power of the office. He believed in being a steward of the people and maintaining strong executive power. By paying close attention to the budget and setting a budgetary agenda he was able to increase the power of the presidency and started an era of administrative presidents that still exists today. Abraham Lincoln was the last president in the 19th century to further expand the power of the presidency. Because he was a member of the minority party with a divided cabinet and only received 40% of the popular vote had to rely

Career Path as a Nurse Essays

Career Path as a Nurse Essays Career Path as a Nurse Essay Career Path as a Nurse Essay Nursing has become one of the most respected professions in the world. Nursing has combined science and technology with people skills like: communication, problem solving, teaching, and compassion. I has found lots of benefits of professional nursing like personal satisfaction, career mobility, job security, scheduling flexibility and competitive salaries. The variety of opportunities for nurses is endless. A nurse can work in a different fields like hospitals, corporations, research labs, health insurance companies, rehabilitation centers etc. A nurse can earn a competitive salary and work anywhere in the world. Nurses can specialize in the same way doctors do in areas such as pediatrics, geriatrics (caring for the elderly), emergency medicine, etc. With advanced education, nurses can become independent clinical specialists like nurse midwives, nurse anesthetists or nurse practitioners. All of the above factors have affected my decision to choose nursing as a professional career. Nursing has become one of the better paying occupations in America over the last several years. LPNs have no trouble earning $35,000 to $40,000 a year, not including overtime. For registered nurses, wages are even higher. Newly minted registered nurses can make between $40,000 and $60,000 right out of nursing school, depending on their location or willingness to relocate. In 2004, the media income for all registered nurses was over $52,000. These figures are very likely to continue to increase, given the coming surge in baby boomers coming into their golden years. There arent nearly enough nurses now to fill all the available nursing jobs, and the shortage is going to be severe in 10 or 15 years. Experts believe that well be almost a million nurses short of what we need by 2020. And since wages are set by supply and demand, that means that wages will continue to go up, probably sharply. Hospitals and retirement homes will be forced to offer more and more money and benefits to attract and retain quality nurses. In addition to money, opportunity, and job security, there are lots of other benefits to becoming a nurse. First, there is the universal respect nurses enjoy from virtually everyone. According to the Gallup Company, which does polling, Americans consider nursing to be the number one profession when it comes to onesty and ethics. Not only are nurses paid well, but they actually do good deeds for a living, and, unlike some recent corporate officers in the news, can hold their head up with pride. The nurses have the pride to help people to get relief from life threatning situation. Being a caregiver for a living brings intangible rewards far beyond the monetary. Beyond respect, theres also flexibility- a nurse can choose where to work, which hospital depa rtment to work in, whether to work in a hospital at all, part time or full time. More and more nurse staffing agencies are popping up all over America, and many nurses choose to work exclusively through one or more of these agencies, which affords them the opportunity to work with lots of different people in various settings. Some use these agencies to sample a job at a particular hospital or other workplace, and if they like it, to apply for a full time position with the firm directly. Others dont want to be tied down, and like new and different experiences, and choose to work for agencies for years at a time. However nursing profession has benefit to design career in a way person wish.

The effect of shortining glycan chains linked to the cationic peanut Dissertation

The effect of shortining glycan chains linked to the cationic peanut peroxidase on its activity - Dissertation Example Recent studies have gone further to discover linkages between other sugars like D-Glc, L-Rha and D-GaiNAc and ASn in bacteriai glycoproteins (Neuhoff, 1999). Glycans Structural Features The process of examining glycan sytructures in large numbers has shown that there exist a number of rules which include; the glycans that are N-linked indicate a common Mannotriosedi and N-acetlylchitobiose structural pattern which is linked to a residue of Asn. Most of the plants containing glycoproteins have a residue of Xyl that is attached via f3-1 to 2 linkage extending towards the core of the p-linked Man. The link in some cases extends to GLcNAc proximal via a a-1, 3 bond involving glycoside. The second rule is that the glycans N-linked, with reference to the antenna structures they have, can be easily put into three categories (Neuhoff, 1999). 1. The aligomannose kind where the antennae substitute can only be achieved through adding Man residues 2. Complex type where the its antennae is made u p of Fuc, GlcNac, Sia and Gd together with Man residues 3. Hybrid type; this is a representation of the two above types. In the past, the above was believed to only take place in animals yeast and in some cases fungal glycoproteins. Recent studies on agglutinin structure show that such glycans are also found in glycoproteins of higher plants. Glycans come in varied forms from a residue of a single Ga1 to a structure that is branched with more than 20 residues of monosaccharide. The mucins O-glycans which form the most glycoproteins containing O-glycans, show heterogeneity that are extreme with a good number of oligosaccharide per molecule. Although the core structure concept can be extrapolated to O-glycans, its essence is not the same as there exists seven 0-linked classes core and they in most cases come as trisaccharides or disaccharides (Dwek, 2009). Cationic Peanut Peroxidase On Its Activity By looking at the ribosome which are both free and membrane bounded, the process of iso lation of the poly (A)- having mRNA for the entire polysomal RNA , it has been decided that approximately 2 % of the total protein synthesis have been slated for cationic peroxidase (CPRx) (Dwek, 2009).At the same time, the two fractions that are minor for the other two isozymes can be used as a confirmation of the three isozymes found in the acetone isolated pellet. The use of peptide mapping however shows that the three peroxidase isozymes contained different sequences of amino acids. In this case, the protein pellets that have been isolated recorded the highest nm ratio of a bout 403/480. This shows that that they pellets contain high protein heme ratio indicating purity. As the absorption bands of normal amino acids are the simplest near UV, there are a number of suggestions on ways of detecting the protein structure in relation to the sequence of amino acids through spectroscopic analysis. The isolated CPRx has an absorbance of 403 nm and appears to be red in color. These chara cteristics have been associated with the heme presence containing iron as this in required for the activity of enzymes. However, not all the iron having proteins are definitely heme proteins. There exist a number of enzymes that are in need of iron a part from peroxidase with other enzymes having different enzyme requirements. In CPRx, its cells grow in the iron presence in the medium that is suspended. A peroxide secretion loss takes place in the

Gun Control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Gun Control - Research Paper Example Crime rates have gone up drastically due to easy access to all manner of handguns, rifles, and automatic weapons. California has recorded a drastic increase in drug-related crimes, robberies, and rape in the past years due to gun possession. Moreover, gun owners feel they have the right to threaten, control, and mishandle other citizens using their weapons. Thus, is it necessary to illegalize possession of guns in California because they cause unnecessary deaths, more crimes and lawlessness, and increased violence in the society. Misuse of weapons leads to 50% of gun related incidences in the form of crimes and gun related lawlessness. In 2009, robbers, burglars, rapists, and drug criminals had easy access to weapons, leading to gang violence, intimidation, breaking of laws, and controlling the other people (Editorial 3). Citizens lived in fear due to rowdy criminals who can access handguns easily and threaten people’s lives. Massive access to different types of handguns, automatic rifles, and machine guns, has made it hard for police to keep up with combating crime in the state of California. Crimes happening in homes, schools, places, of work and on the streets due to guns increased by the day before enforcement of gun laws. Moreover, some gun owners take advantage of the situation and believe they have the right to end someone’s life, cause harm, and intimidate the person on the slightest provocation. Additionally, once guns are in circulation, they end up in the possession of wrong people w ho do not hesitate to use them on innocent citizens. Furthermore, once in possession of guns, criminals gain power over their victims and can inflict all sorts of harm including rape, and death. This power also has resulted in increased organized crimes as the criminals take advantage that they have guns to protect themselves and kill anyone against them. Nevertheless, misuse of weapons has decreased rapidly

The Process of Development

The Process of Development Introduction This essay, will be discussing the advantages and disadvantages of culture in the process of development. As it will be demonstrated, culture can both be a catlystic agent just as it can be a stumbling block for development process. Whether we like or not,we have to understand that culture plays an indespensable role in the way people respond to diferent development policies.Thus according to Spackman,in what he called Postmodern appraoch , an economic policy that leads to sustainable development opt to take into account a psychological angle also known as development with a focus on personal needs and growth; secondly, it should consider a spiritual dimension given that this trend constitutes the deepest root of human existence . Such policy he added will provide legs and not clutches .This policy is also referred to as People Centered Development (PCD) in short. (Speckman2007:24-25). The aim of this essay however is not to discuss which policy is the best but the advantages and dis advantages of culture on development process and,for the sake of this paper , I have decided to base my discusion on five important elements. These are: Sexism and Patriarchy; the impact of Lobola (dowry) on Development; African understanding of knoweledge, the understanding of Culture visavis of different deseases mainly HIV and AIDS and finally, culture and environmnet. What is culture? According to the Oxford Dictionary (1999), Culture is defined as arts and other manifestations of human itellectual achievement regarded collectively.the custums institutions and achievemtnet of a particular nation people, or group.(Oxford Dictionry, 348:1999). For an Africans the topic concerning the impact of culture and development progress is crucial because on one hand, we are eager to keep our culture of which we are proud of but on the other hand, as a leader, we are compelled to guide people toward a sustainable development. (Speckman2007:44). Christianity as a culture: From the definition provided above, one may also suggest that culture is not only what our ancestrors left to us which were transmited to us through oral traditional. After our grand parents had converteed to Christianity they somehow adopted a new culture that we inherit.In other word, I wsh to argue that Christianity itself and the way we adopt it contitute culture which deserve a special attention while discussing the isue of the impact of Culture and Development. For instance, some Zulus will say I dont practice ancestros worship because I am a Christian. In order words, this implies I dont practie that cultural practice because I have adopted another one. Thus the topic: christianity and Deveopment. What is development? : Acording Oxford Dictionary, (1999) simply one maysimply say that Development is a specified state of growth or advancement. (We will argue that s mant African scholars such as Kalenkole and Mbiti have argued Africans are very religius people and yet remained poor. (Oxford Dictionary, 1999:392). What is the relation between Culture and Development? Historically speaking, Schech and Haggis(2002) argue that the origins of the notion of development in the sense of promoting social progress lie in the same set in the nineteeth century as which are associated with the origins of the concept of culture . They added, Indeed culture and development sometimes mean almost the same thing until discourses of development planning and cultural specificity diverged in the ealry decades of the present century. (Schech and Haggis, 2002:5). Thus in Africa, specifically in South Africa, given the place ocupied by culture, one may argue that if we are projecting for a sustainable development, it is indispensable to scrutinize both the strenghts and the weaknesses that cuture can bring about and, when possible try to challenge critically some of our cultural practices and believes that appear to be as an obstruction to Development.But at all time, we first have to be conscious that we can not impliment efficient development policies while ignoring the presence of culture. Larry Yost nd Hugh Tracy were right in their eighth principle of Community Development Work when arguing the importance of involving the local leadership since the ultimate responsability for continuing development rests with the local citizen (Yost and Tracy: 1997;21). Beside that, either one is an economist or traditionalist; we all heartily and sincerely endorse the striving for economic development. In other words, Economic development expresses one of our fundamental hopes and aspiration. Moreover, in its report published in 1996, the UNDP (United Nations Development Program), defined human development as the endeconomic growth a means. (Human Development Report 1996). (http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr1996/). Disadvantages of Culture: Speaking about the disadvantages of culture on development, one may argue that sometime people because of their ignorance or lack of knowledge can deny even what is indispensable for their survival on the basis of their cultural beliefes. Thus, as it has been argued by Spackamn, people need to be empowered as toward decision making.And, in my view, any theologian and any educated person who cares about the Development of Africa should think critically about the impact of culture.According to Spackman, culture can have positive impact on development just as it can have negative repercussion on development. Thus, this situation often plunge us into a dilemma because on one hand we are eager to keep our culture of which we are proud of but on the other hand, as leaders, we are compelled to lead people toward a sustainable development. (Speckman2007:40-44), Impact of Sexism ad patrirchy on development As mentioned before, this paragph will be discussing sexism in Africa and its impact on development. I will demonstrate how sexism and patriarchy have contributed all along many years to the oppression of women and, consequently this situation has also lead to the oppression of men and the impoverishing of Africa. Definition of Sexism: According to Cambridge Dictionary, Sexism is the belief that the members( in this case women) of one sex are less intelligent , able skillful, less accepted/valued by God than the members of the other sex. Especially that women are less than men are. (Cambridge Dictionary2005:1166). Mercy Amba Oduyoye argues that Womens status in most societies is far lower than that of men. In her view, this situation is due to cultural stereotype specified under attributes and responsibilities. (Oduyoye, 2007:22).Beside that, even the way the Bible has been often interpreted has immensely contributed to women oppression. In most African society, at the death of parents in most only male children will inherit and never a girl.Thus in African society and all over the World, there is a tendency to consider a boy more valuble than a girl.when there is shortage of income in the familly, often it isthe girl who has to interrupt her studies in favor of the boy. Secondly, though a woman is said to be a partner, in most decision making, either within the society or within the familly practically, she does not have much to contribute if not nothing. In other word she is just there as an auxilliary to her husband. Once divorced, a woman loses respect and finds herself despised if she does not quickly remarry. The whole education has been in preparation for marriage, so a failure here is a total failure. No woman is destined to stay single if so she has done something wrong. (Oduyoye, 2007:22). Apart from sexism found in the culture, we also find that even the way Bible has been interpreted does not encourage wo mens emancipation. To use Nyangweso words, Marriage is endocentric. This is a universal experience that cries for reexamination.'(Nyangweso2007:61). From the Hebrew Testament to the New Testament, the position occupied by women is often portayed to be lower to that of men. Thus, Oduyoye argues that gender stratification has distorted the quality of human relations and it continues to deny the parity between women and men to accept female and male as equivalent expression of being. (Nyangweso2007:62). How then do sexism and patriarchy impact negatively on Africans development? By oppressing women, some men think that they will monopolize the power and order will be established. However, a careful observer will agree with me that by oppressing women, men are doubly oppressed. First, men are deprived from the closest source of support. As when woman and man have equal access to education and make their economic decision together, this can boost their economy. In the previous decades we saw that in some part of Africa like Senegal, women were not allowed to attend school and this in my view was oppressive toward a man as he has by himself to provide not only for himself but his wife and children whereas a woman well educated will have access to better job and financial resources. And this will solve not only her financial problem but also will be able to raise the household income. (Oduyoye, 2007:22).By doing so the man is secured from working doubly. And more interesting, a husband will have peace of mind knowing that after his death his wife and children wi ll not be mistreated by the rest of his family. Womens contribution was not really valued in terms of Development .That is why pne may ague that sexism constitute a stubling block as women are considered as passive agents in the process of the development whereas ,if they were to be valued, their input should have boosted our Development. I dare to say that taking as reference to our modern time where men and women appear to ocupy the same position and deliver the same service.Thus tooday we have Nurses, Doctors, Enginneer, Political parties Leaders such as DA in South Africa and so on.In one word, one may say that African Development will not progress untill all of those who are oppressed by sexism and partiacrhy are free. Thus the UNDPs statement (Unitied Nations development Programme), Gender equality and womens empowerment are central to achieving for inclusive, democratic, violence-free and sustainable development in Africa and therefore a condition to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). www.undp.org/porvety The impact of our religious and social beliefs on development. Land and devolpment: Culture has a huge impact on land development. Werner Sombart argued that any economic system is nothing but a manifestation of the existing culture. And, a culture exists because of a certain spirit. (12).Thus in section I wish to discuss some of both positive and negative impacts of Culture on Agriculture and environmnet in general given its role in Development. Speaking about African culture and development, it is important to understand that knoweledge as a crucial component of technology raises some pertinent questions in Arfrican culture. Its cultural construction raises questions like: What value is placed on different forms of knowledge? (And by whom)Who has access to, or access to exploit knowledge? Consequently, individual are not free to engage in research given that only a certain group of people has access to that field.Often, it is found that our Culture imposes some practices that dont encourage development. For istance, in some areas where the tra dition is still highly observed, we find that there are some places which are reserved strictly for ancestors worship as well as some restrictions to cultivate some products. This can be a challenge when the government want to develop a such area either in terms infrustructrure, roads or practice an Agriculture which will benefit many.Often, when the Government insists and go against the will of the resident of that area, it is found that the project is never successful given that as the ABCD methods states a true development project, has to be initiated by people and with people. (Class notes) Impact of Lobola on development: Beside the issue of land, another pertinent issue in our modern time which arises from culture to be discussed is the issue of Lobola and weding ceremonies .Today, in South Africa and elsewhere in Africa, the issue of Lobola present a stumblig block to development for different individuals. Originally, Lobola was meant to express a link between the two families. According to one of my South African friends, lobola was like a gift of appreciation to the best familly. Howerever, as time goes on, this practice has changed its aim and has tendency to become a business whereas life does not always allow it. Consequently, most couple ends up in debts.Speaking about development, this practice does hinder financially the new couple from achieving other goals such as education of quality of both their children and themselves because they can not afford it.In the future, this situation affect both the familly and the Nation as we can only produce a service of q uality if we have rceived an education of good quality. Furthermore, any carefull observor, will argue with me that the economical situation doe no more allow to feast for a long period.Thus to enforce the new couple into endless parties and ceremonies just in the name of culture is irrespective to what is defined as Sustainable Development as According to The United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development, development is sustainable if it meets the needs of the Present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs..Here the point I am trying to make is that there are many cultural practices that may seem to be fastidious whereas they dont encourage savings. (http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr1996/) Deseases, Culture and Development: Today, no country in the World is unacquainted of HIV and AIDS. According to the report generated by the UNDP in 2007, South Africa was experiencing the most severe AIDS in the World. 5.7 millions of People living with HIV and almost 1,000 AIDS deaths occuring every day. In its efort to fight this deasease, South African Goverment together with Who (World Health Organization) spent millions of Rand in order to support people who are infected and affected by HIV and AIDS. (http://www.avert.org/aidssouthafrica.htm) One of the reasons why this desease continue to spread extremely beyond major is our behavior due to our cultural beliefs and practices .Some of the practices to consider here are levirate mariage and poligamy. Levirage mariage implies that when the father of the house dies, his brother has to replace him. And, often this happen inspite of the wish of the wife of the desease.Consequently, this practice perpuates the spread of HIV in case one of the new couple is already infected. Apart from levirate mariage, polygamy which is accepted in most African Culture like Zulu culture for instance is another obstacle.Furthermore, beside levirate mariage and Polygamy, the way our tradition conceives and deals with deaseses such as HIV and Aids and many others such as Swine Flu, Cholera and so on often end in disastrous result. On 30th of November 2006 for instance, the SACC adressed its concern about a traditional healer who claimed to have cured 500 HIV-positive people with the use of herbs which acording to the invistigation done it was just a way of attracting people to draw their attention to traditional medications.( http://www.mg.co.za/article/2006-11-29-church-council-outraged-over-aidscure-claim) Beside that, some traditional healer do often suggest method which rather than leading to the cure encourage the spread of HIV. This, being because they have another understanding of the disease. Some believe that by sleeping with a virging girl they would get rid of the desease , others argue that the use of Condoms is not in accordance with our culture.I remember in my culture that there is an odd say ntawurya umunwa wugaye meaning no man can eat the mouth closed implying that a man could never have sex and stop the semens from entering the female private part.Others will go even further by arguing that condoms are Westerns assert used to spread the desease among Black People in other to exterminate them. Consequently, these b elieves have been the cause of death of many talented and energetic young people indispensable for the development of Africa. Thus while encouraging our young generation to assume the continuity of our Culture, we should be keen to think critically about certain practices that hinder the Development of our people. Beside that, each African should endeavour to reduce the cost of supporting people living with HIV and AIDSas it has huge repercussion on national economy. Impact of HIV on Development South African Government spends millions of rand each month to fight the desease and especially in the support of people living with HIVand AIDS by providing ERVs and other medications including the distribution of free condoms.These huge amount of funds which are used to support people living whith HIV and AIDS constitute a big lost as there should be used to support many other projects such as Education, scientific research,the fight against Women oppression and crime, and different studies that may help to kep our Environmnent from degradation and many other projects which in return will contribute to the Development process. By criticizing the investment in the fight against HIV and AIDS, I am not arguing that it worthless project.I do believe that People who are infected and affected by HIV and AIDS are still people who deserve dignity and support. This being because first of all, they remain human like others and, most of them are indispensable for our Development. However, the point I am trying to make is that the support of people living with HIV and AIDS is very costy .Therefore, wherever possible we should be willing to divorce ourself from any practice that favor the spreading of HIV and AIDS in this case certain cultural pratices and believs mentioned above. Impact of Christianity on Development. Speaking about the church as one aspect that has shaped our culture (cfr introduction), While speaking about Development and Culture, it might look easy to criticize what had been passed on to us by our forefathers. One of the reasons is because; these cultural practices appear to be too old. Some of them are not even in practice today.They are just part of our history though we claim them to be part of our culture .And; often we just refer to them when it suits us as a way to defend our manhood, political argument and so on for instance. However, if we will have to engage critically, I think we should speak more about what appears to be a burning issue. Thus in my view, it is essential while discussing culture and development not to leave aside Christianity. This being as discussed before, the way we practice Christianity can constitute a culture.Though it is universally known that Chrisitianity is a religion, I wish to ague that Christian life is itself a culture. Thus, just as one can engage critically with his/her culture, we should also be bold to discus some of the impacts of Christianity on Development. Positive impact of Christianity on Development: One of the positive impacts of Christianity for us as African is that it has free us from diferent ancestoral practices which dont encourage development. This is for istance the total dependency on spiritual agencies and forgeting that we are the custodians of the earth.Beside that, Christianity does encourage hard working. Thus looking unto Jesus, Paul (He who does not work should not eat). And, today, some churches have sort to preach the prosperity Gospel. This kind of Gospel has some good aspects of development in a sense that it does encourage people to know that it is their fathers will that they may prosper (verse).Some individuals argue that one of the reason why Europ is more developed than africa is because we as African put the spiritual realm first and undermine our ability to create.This is often explained by the fact that in Europ, during the modern period, Europe develop dramatically especially in terms of technology and economy. Negative impact of Christianity on Development Though one may say that Christianity enclose numberous positive aspects for development, one has also to be aware of the negative impacts that Christianity can revert on Development and often due to the way, we interpret the scriptures. Often, church leaders do teach that we have to live a poor life. We have to look on things above. We should not keep our tresearues on earth here roast and will eat them. Thus, a missinterpretaion of such verses has leaded some of believers to be satisfied with their porvety and therefore hinder them from seing any need for development. Beside that, another negative aspect of Christian teachings is its impassibility visavis to issues regarding development and politic.Scholars in nowadays came to the conclusion that such attitude reveals ignorance given that the church operates within the society and whaterver strikes the society also strikes the church (Simangaliso.). It is therfore good time that the church starts to engage with not only spiritual is sues but also social issue. Conclusion In Conclusion, this essay has discussed the impact of Culture on Development. I have demonstrated how some facets of culture such as partiacrchy, sexims and Chrsitainity do impact both positively but most largely negatively on Development progress.Most extensively; I have discussed how culture in Africa has hindered the development process. I came to the understanding that there is no culture which is universal and there is no culture which is eternal. Consequently, each cultural practice should be understood from its historical and socialogical context and applied in contemplation with the current political, social and economic situation. Reference Ife,J.(2002), Community Development,(2nd edition), Pearson ,Sydney Australia NIV Bible Nyangweso.,M 2007,FemaleCircumcision, Maryknoll, New York :Orbis Oduyoye, Mercy Amba, 1986.Hearing and Knowing: Theological Reflections on Christianity in Africa,Maryknoll:Orbis.2001 Simangaliso, R, 2005, Theology and Education, the role of the Church in education for social transformation: A Methodist contribution, Cecil Renaud Library Pietermaritzburg, South Africa Speckman MT, 2007, A Biblical Vision for Africas development ?, Cluster Publication http://www.mg.co.za/article/2006-11-29-church-council-outraged-over-aidscure-claim http://www.avert.org/aidssouthafrica.htm www.undp.org/porvety http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr1996/ Schech,S and Haggis,J.(ed)(2002) Development: A Cultural Studies Reader ,Publisher Blackwell Yost,L and Tracy,H(ed).(1997) (class notes)

Depression Essay -- Emotional Disorders Psychology

Depression is a very big topic to discuss. The most commonly asked questions are: What is depression, and what disorders are related to depression? How common is depression? Is it serious? What treatment is used? And, What kind of symptoms should a person be looking for? Depression is more than the everyday ups and downs. You know when a person is depressed when their sad feelings interfere with their everyday life. Depression doesn’t only affect feelings, but can change behavior, physical health and appearance, academic performance, social activities, and the ability to make decisions that are face every day. The causes of depression are still unknown, but researchers have found a genetic link between most depressive disorders. Another depressive disorder is bipolar depression. Bipolar depression is when a person goes through mood cycles. The two common moods are being sad and down, but that can change to a very energetic mood quickly. Some things that can trigger a depressive episode are a serious loss, chronic illness, relationship problems, work stress, family crisis, financial setback, or any other unwelcome life change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clinical depression is more common than most people think. More than nineteen million Americans are affected each year. One-fourth of all women and one-eighth of all men will suffer a depressive episode during their lifetimes. There are more teenagers that suffer from depression than adults. Four percent of all teens are diagnosed as clinically...

The Juggler Essay

â€Å"I want to believe in faith and risk and a world where you can stand beneath the grey October sky and flash your own colours through the air like a magician† (218 -221, p. 6). These beautiful lines constitute the final conclusion of the short story, â€Å"The Juggler†, written by Ursula Hegi and published in 2001. The story deals with themes such as beauty, letting go and being stuck in the past. The short story takes place in Coeur d’ Alene in the first weekend of October. An unnamed first person narrator tells the story of her daughter, Zoe and her boyfriend, Michael who have come to visit her. It is the first time she meets Michael, who is a counsellor at the school where her daughter teaches. They go to the cinema and on a beautiful canoe trip together. Michael seems to be a very nice guy and Zoe loves him. What separates Michael from the majority, however, is the fact that he is turning blind. The mother seems to have a very difficult time handling this, which is seen in her inner monologue â€Å"I like him (Michael) – or, rather; I could like him, if only he were not turning blind. Or if he were not with my daughter. I want more for Zoe.† (ll. 115-117, p. 4). It also seems as if she has ambitions on behalf of her daughter â€Å"I want more for Zoe†. We are told that Zoe’s father left the family when she was very young. Perhaps the mother’s dreams and ambitions vanished with her housebound/boyfriend. Therefore, she now lives her life trough her daughter and has resigned and almost accepted that she is in the autumn of her life unable to see the colours of the world. Another reason for her to dislike Michael is the obvious fact that he is stealing Zoe away. This seems to be her main issue with him. She thinks that he, due to his handicap, requires too much attention from Zoe, â€Å"He’ll need you far too much†(l. 177, p. 5). To this Zoe replies, â€Å"That should feel familiar, then† (l. 178, p. 5) as a reference to what leads to another important issue in the text; the narrator has, ever since Zoe’s father left her, been very dependant on Zoe. This is suggested in one of her streams of  consciousness, â€Å"Sometimes I felt Zoe and I were growing up together. Other times I felt like I were eleven and she thirty†(ll. 91 – 92, p. 3). The mother almost bursts into self-oscillation when she tells Michael about her memories with Zoe. This could lead to the conclusion that Zoe is used to taking responsibility for other people and, seen from a homespun psychological point of view, perhaps likes the fact that Michael reminds her of her mother in the way that he needs her. Another result of the mother’s loneliness and dependency on her daughter is the fact that she cannot let her go. She lives in the past and loves the memories of a time she refuses to leave, nor can she ever leave it unless she accepts the fact that Zoe is now a grown up. She has her own life now. The bird has flown. So maybe she should just handle her over to Michael. After all he is not a maniac killer or anything. He seems rather nice and Zoe really loves him, but the narrator simply is too jealous to be happy for her daughter, â€Å"Zoe turns, smiling at him with so much light in her eyes that I have to look away† (ll. 74 – 75, p. 3). The writer leaves, in a very discrete but intelligent and awfully interesting way, many symbols and details for further interpretation. For instance, a visual description of the narrator has been left out. Therefore, she appears as a set of thoughts, which on one side means that the events that take place in the story often are followed by the narrator’s streams of consciousness, which work perfectly well and gives the reader a great understanding of the mother’s actions and issues. However, on the other side it creates a paradox and it is very ironic seen in relation to the mother’s prejudice towards Michael’s blindness. We do not see her from the outside. We only see her from the inside. In other words, we see her exactly as Michael would see her. This makes her a victim of a â€Å"blind reader†. It is a funny and interesting detail from the writer. Another paradox is the fact that the narrator plays the cello and when Zoe & Michael leaves and she finds herself in despair she listens to Vivaldi. It is funny how she finds comfort in something audial, music, when she sees Michael’s blindness as something finite, as the end of beauty. Perhaps the most important symbol is, as the title suggests, the Juggler who  sort of frames the story. At the beginning Michael, Zoe and the mother are going to the cinema. On their way to the cinema the narrator sees a man who juggles smilingly with a basin and some swords. Suddenly, he loses the basin and the narrator grasps Michael’s shoulder as were she frightened by the fact that the juggler had failed. At the end of the story the narrator sees the juggler again but this time she has got a new realization. She envies his fearlessness, â€Å"Whenever he drops something, he smiles and reaches down and juggles once again(†¦). And without fear. Fear of being ridiculed (†¦)† (ll. 111 – 216, p. 6) She also reflects on the fact that he allways juggles with two of one kind and one of another. As if an equal trinity is impossible. As if a trinity requires differences. Perhaps Michael, Zoe and the narrator are all the â€Å"one of a another† and th e â€Å"two of one kind† at the same time. Watching the Juggler leads to the incredibly beautiful ending sentence that reveals some degree of regret in the mother. â€Å"I want to believe in faith and risk and a world where you can stand beneath the grey October sky and flash your own colors through the air like a magician† (218 -221, p. 6). Do these thoughts not sum up the core of life? Faith and risk. Roman philosopher, Lucius Annaeus Seneca once said, †Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity† in other words you have to keep an open mind and be ready to take your chances when they occur – we make our own luck. It is not enough to sit and wait for your turn. You have to confront life! You have to fight a little. The mother blows her chances. Beauty is all around her; The Juggler who is not afraid of failing, the wonderful idyllic canoe trip, her daughter who is madly in love with a good man who makes her eyes light like phosphorescence in the see of the night. Is that not the dream of any parent, to see your child happy? Ironically, she realizes this to late, which is the common issue in life. It is always about timing and balance like juggling. Like flashing your colours in the autumn of your life. Like letting your beloved child fly on and feel happiness. Like defying the never-ending storms of despair and uncertainty. Like living. Beauty takes risks.

The Issue Of Same Sex Marriage - 931 Words

Evaluating Websites: Two Sides, One Event The issue of same-sex marriage is an extremely controversial topic within Ireland. The discussion reached its zenith on May 28th, 2015, when the predominately Roman Catholic Republic of Ireland became the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage by popular vote. Additionally, the issue divided the population of Ireland into two corners: those who were pro-family versus those who were pro-marriage. Pro-family citizens opposed the marriage equality referendum and the pro-marriage side supported it. A question the pro-family side was forced to consider in the aftermath of the referendum was, does this â€Å"victory† come at the cost of undercutting the integrity of the moral fabric of Irish society? Two articles reported on the implications of this monumental event on May 29th of this year. The first article is from Mass Resistance and has no stated author. The other article is written by Conor Payne on Socialist alternative’s website. Although both website s deal with the same event, with further analyzation, major similarities and differences in each site s credibility, purpose, and intended audience are revealed. As a first point, the similarities and differences in the credibility within each site must be evaluated. The core web addresses or URL’s of both Mass Resistance’s and Payne’s articles end in .org, which stands for an organization. Thus, both sites cannot be considered unbiased or neutral, because they are run byShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Same Sex Marriage984 Words   |  4 Pages Homosexuality is hotly debated within the United States of America when it comes to the idea of same sex-marriage. Society cannot seem to agree about whether it should be made legal or not. The views on this topic have been shaped by religion, by the 1980’s AIDS period, and by so much more. 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